Index of Images, Part I: Barbara F. McManus

Go to Index, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V, Part VI, Part VII, Part VIII, Part IX, Part X, Part XI, Part XII, Part XIII, Part XIV, Part XV, Roman Coins: Republic and Principate, Roman Coins: Empire, Greek Coins, Coins from the Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Coins from the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland, Coins from the Hunterian Museum

bust of Agrippa 50-60 CE
Cologne, Romisch-Germanisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Agrippa; history

bust of Agrippa (cast)
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Agrippa; history

bust of Agrippina the elder, daughter of Julia (cast)
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Agrippina the elder; history; women

statue of Agrippina the younger, mother of Nero, as a goddess (from Roman theater in Caere)
Rome, Vatican Museum (Gregorian). Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Agrippina the younger; clothing; history; women; empress

bust of Agrippina the younger, mother of Nero
Munich, Glyptotek. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Agrippina the younger; history; empress

bust of Agrippina the younger, mother of Nero c. 60 CE
Santa Monica, Getty Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1989
Keywords: Agrippina the younger; history; hairstyle; empress

marble bust of Antoninus Pius, Roman, c. 140 CE
The emperor is wearing the fringed military cloak (paludamentum).
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1999

relief of apotheosis of Antoninus Pius and Faustina--replica
Mainz, Landesmuseum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Antoninus Pius; history; emperors

detail of Antoninus and Faustina from apotheosis relief--replica
Mainz, Landesmuseum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Antoninus Pius; history; emperors

marble head of Apollo--Roman copy of Greek bronze
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Apollo; myth

relief of Victory pouring libation before Apollo first century CE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Apollo; myth; religion

reconstruction drawing of the Forum of Augustus; modern
smaller version
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome(2nd ed.), p. 277, 1911
Keywords: Augustus; Forum; city of Rome; history

bust of Augustus mid-first century CE
Santa Monica, Getty Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1989
Keywords: Augustus; history; emperors

cameo of Augustus with aegis (diadem is medieval; original had laurel wreath); c. first century CE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1999
Keywords: Augustus; history; emperors

statue of Augustus with toga and scroll, Roman, end first century BCE - beginning first century CE;
smaller version.
Florence, Uffizi Gallery. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979

cameo of Augustus wearing rayed crown of the sun god indicating deification; first century CE
Cologne, Romisch-Germanisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Augustus; history; emperors; deification

bust of Augustus with corona civica 40-50 CE
different view; side view
Munich, Glyptothek. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988; 2005
Keywords: Augustus; history; emperors; military

statue of Augustus enthroned in manner of Pheidias' Zeus, Roman, Julio-Claudian period, early first century CE
The statue was extensively resotered in the nineteenth century using pieces found in the vicinity of Cumae.
St. Petersburg, Hermitage Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Octavian; imperial symbolism

altar with Augustus as augur, Roman, 2 BCE;
smaller version.
This altar of the Lares Augusti was set up by the vicomagistri in the Vicus Sandaliaribus in Rome to commemorate Augustus' dedication of the Forum of Augustus and the first miliatry command of his adopted son Gaius Caesar. Augustus is shown in the center holding the augur's curved wand (lituus), taking the auspices as Gaius, on the left, is about to depart for his command in the East. One of the sacred chicken pecks at Augustus' feet. On the right, Livia holds out a libation bowl (patera) in a ritual gesture, indicating that she is also participating as a priestess.
Florence, Uffizi Gallery. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990
Keywords: Augustus; history; emperors; religion; women

marble equestrian statue of a youth, Roman, first century CE
The piece was restored in the sixteenth century by Giacomo della Porta. See this detail of his head and this detail of his hand holding a staff and showing a prominent signet ring. The young man wears only a lacerna, and this "heroic nudity" coupled with the finely worked equestrian statue means that he was probably a Julio-Claudian prince.
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 2006
Keywords: Augustus; succession

detail--head of equestrian statue of Augustan prince
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Augustus; history; succession

"Mainz head"— bust of young Julio-Claudian (Gaius or Lucius Caesar?); end first century CE
Mainz, Landesmuseum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Augustus; history; succession

busts of Augustus, Livia, and other family members (from Gortyn, Crete); first century CE
Heraklion, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1998
Keywords: Augustus; history; succession

marble bust of Caligula—side first century CE
New York City, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1980
Keywords: Caligula; history; emperors

marble bust of Caligula—front first century CE
New York City, Metropolitan Museum of Art. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1980
Keywords: Caligula; history; emperors

bust of Caligula: front, Roman, first century CE;
smaller version.
Volterra, Guarnacci Etruscan Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990
Keywords: Caligula; history; emperors

bust of Caligula: side, Roman, first century CE;
smaller version.
Volterra, Guarnacci Etruscan Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990
Keywords: Caligula; history; emperors

bronze head of Caligula (looking demonic)
Rome, Conservatori Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Caligula; history; emperors

plan of the Capitoline modern
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome(2nd ed.), p. 293, 1911
Keywords: Capitoline; temples; city of Rome

bronze head of Claudius; larger image; first century CE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986, 2001.
Keywords: Claudius; history; emperors

marble statue of Claudius portrayed as Jupiter
larger image; side view; detail of head
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979. 2003
Keywords: Claudius; history; emperors; Jupiter; religion

model of temple of Divine Claudius in Colchester—cutaway showing sanctuary; modern
Colchester, Colchester Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Claudius; temples; religion

model of temple of Divine Claudius in Colchester modern
Colchester, Colchester Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Claudius; temples; religion

portrait bust of Levantine woman with hairstyle of Cleopatra c. 50-25 BCE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Cleopatra; history; women

statue of Ceres with garment of colored marble
Florence, Uffizi Gallery. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth

enthroned goddess (probably Demeter)—vase painting on plate, probably from Tanagra
Athens, National Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1980
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth

Hades carries off Perspehone who reaches out to Demeter—detail of Apulian vase painting
Fiesole, Civic Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth

Hades carries off Persephone as Hecate watches—detail of vase painting on volute krater; c. 340 BCE
Berlin, Antiken Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1992
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth

terra-cotta statuette of Baubo from the Fayoum first century CE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion

statue of Demeter of Knidos c. 350 BCE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion; Cnidus

head of Demeter of Knidos c. 350 BCE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion; Cnidus

initiation of Herakles and Dioscuri at Eleusis—vase painting; c. 340 BCE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion

kneeling Metaneira offers wheat to Demeter—detail of vase painting on hydria; c. 340 BCE
Berlin, Antiken Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1992
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion

Ninion pionax—painting of Eleusinian Mysteries; fourth century BCE
Athens, National Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1980
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion

Boetian terra-cotta statuette of mother goddess with small daughter on lap c. 500 BCE
Munich, Antiken Sammlung. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; myth; religion; women

statue of Roman matron portrayed as Ceres 110-130 CE
Munich, Glyptothek. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Demeter; Ceres; women

bust of Drusus the elder, brother of Tiberius (cast)
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Drusus the elder; history

statue of Drusus the elder, brother of Tiberius, in cuirass (from Roman theater in Caere)
Rome, Vatican Museum (Gregorian). Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Drusus the elder; history; army; officers

bust of Drusus the younger, son of Tiberius
Florence, Uffizi Gallery. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Drusus the younger; Tiberius; history

reconstruction drawing of the Capitol and the Roman Forum c. 300 CE by Joseph Gatteschi (color added); modern
Credits: Albert Kuhn, Roma, fig. 80, p. 65, 1913
Keywords: Forum Romanum; city of Rome; history

reconstruction drawing of west end of Forum Romanum and Capitoline in fourth century CE modern
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome(2nd ed.), p. 293, 1911
Keywords: Forum Romanum; city of Rome; history

reconstruction drawing of rostra from back; larger image; modern
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome (2nd ed.), p. 223, 1911
Keywords: Forum Romanum; city of Rome; history

reconstruction drawing of rostra from front modern
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome (2nd ed.), p. 222 (adapted), 1911
Keywords: Forum Romanum; city of Rome; history

bust of Germanicus (cast)
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Germanicus; history

bust of Julia Domna c. 195 CE
Munich, Glyptothek. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Julia Domna; history; empress; hairstyles

bust of Julia Domna-- side view
Aalen, Limesmuseum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Julia Domna; history; empress; hairstyles

bust of Julio-Claudian woman, possibly Julia, Roman, first century CE;
smaller version.
The museum identified this as a portrait of Julia, daughter of Augustus, but the hairstyle is more closely associated with Livia, wife of Augustus.
Volterra, Guarnacci Etruscan Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990

bust of Julius Caesar—front, Roman (portrait reworked in modern times);
full bust, medium-sized; full bust, larger
Rome, Braccio Nuovo, Vatican Museums. Credits: Barbara McManus, 2007

bust of Julius Caesar—side, Roman (portrait reworked in modern times);
full bust, medium-sized; full bust, larger
Rome, Braccio Nuovo, Vatican Museums. Credits: Barbara McManus, 2007

bust of Julius Caesar—front, Roman, c 1-50 CE
side view
The bust is carved of green basanite with minor restorations to the ear and drapery; the carving of the inlaid marble eyes is not ancient. The stone and style of the bust suggest that it was made in Egypt. Berlin, Altes Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 2012

bust of Julius Caesar—side
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Julius Caesar; history

bust of Julius Caesar—front (cast; original in Vatican); larger version
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982, 2003
Keywords: Julius Caesar; history

portrait bust from "Royal Portico" in ancient Thera on island of Santorini (Julius Caesar?); first century BCE
Fira, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1998
Keywords: Julius Caesar; history

view of Rubicon River from modern bridge (with "Caesar's men" figurines)
northern Italy. Credits: Paula Chabot, 1982
Keywords: Julius Caesar; history; civil war

Zeus, Hera, Apollo—detail of vase painting from Apulian amphora
Munich, Antiken Sammlung. Credits: Paula Chabot, 1988
Keywords: Jupiter; Juno; Apollo; myth

colossal marble statue of Jupiter
Rome, Vatican (Gregorian) Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Jupiter; myth

statue of Jupiter enthroned (style of Pheidias's Zeus at Olympus)
St. Petersburg, Hermitage Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Jupiter; myth

Jupiter brandishing thunderbolts atop a column
Xanten, Archaeological Park. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Jupiter; myth

statue of Jupiter enthroned (Jupiter Verospi)—Roman copy of Hellenistic original
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Jupiter; myth

marble head of Jupiter ("Jove of the Valley")—Roman copy of Hellenistic original
Rome, Capitoline Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Jupiter; myth

statue of seated Livia—side view (from Roman villa in Paestum); first century CE; found with a seated statue of Tiberius
Madrid, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1985
Keywords: Livia; clothing; history; women; empress

statue of seated Livia—front view (cast; original in Madrid); first century CE
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Livia; clothing; history; women; empress

statue of Livia with stola and palla, Roman, end first century BCE
smaller version.
The arms of this statue were incorrectly restored in the 19th century, probably in imitation of the bronze statue of Livia found in the theater of Herculaneum.
Rome, Braccio Nuovo (Vatican Museums). Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Livia; empress

marble head of Livia with wreath of wheat sheaves and wool fillets (vittae); first century CE
St. Petersburg, Hermitage Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Livia; history; empress

portrait head of Livia; side view; last quarter of first century BCE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986, 1999
Keywords: Livia; history; empress

basalt head of Livia—front; last quarter of first century BCE
partial side view; full side view
Paris, Louvre Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1999
Keywords: Livia; history; empress

life-size statue of Livia with attributes of Ceres (floral crown, wheat sheaves, cornucopia)
close-up of head; Tiberian era
Paris, Louvre Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1999
Keywords: Livia; history; empress

head of a Roman woman, probably Livia; Roman, end first century BCE
side view. In 1992 the museum identified this bust as Octavia, sister of Augustus, and in 2005 it was identified as Julia, daughter of Augustus. Elizabeth Bartman (Portraits of Livia, 1999) maintains that this is actually Livia, but the confusion indicates the similar iconography used for the women of the Augustan imperial family.
Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 2005
Keywords: portrait, empress

onyx cameo of Livia holding the bust of the deified Augustus (frame from 17th century); shortly after 14 CE
Vienna, Kunsthistorisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1992
Keywords: Livia; history; empress; Augustus; deification

garden painting of statue of Mars first century CE
Pompeii, House of the Marine Venus. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Mars; houses; garden; wall painting; myth

bust of Augustan woman (Octavia? Livia?): front view, Roman, late first century BCE;
smaller version.
The nodus hairstyle was characteristic of both Octavia, half-sister of Augustus, and his wife Livia. The shape of the face may indicate that this is Octavia.
Arezzo, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990

bust of Augustan woman (Octavia? Livia?): side view, Roman, late first century BCE;
smaller version.
The nodus hairstyle was characteristic of both Octavia, half-sister of Augustus, and his wife Livia. The shape of the face may indicate that this is Octavia.
Arezzo, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990

reconstruction drawing of the Palatine (Area Palatina); modern
smaller version
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome (2nd ed.), fig. 19, p. 145, 1911
Keywords: Palatine; emperors; city of Rome; temples

drawing of section of a frieze from Temple of Apollo Palatinus, showing laurel leaves and lyre
Credits: Rodolfo Lanciani, Ancient Rome in the Light of Recent Discoveries, 1888, p. 114
Keywords: Palatine; emperors; city of Rome; temples

reconstruction drawing of the Domus Flavia; showing aula regia, basilica, peristyle
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome (2nd ed.), fig. 20, p. 151, 1911
Keywords: Palatine; Domitian; emperors; city of Rome

model of Tiber bridges (plastico of fourth-century CE city); modern
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Tiber; bridges; city of Rome

model of Tiber island from east (plastico of fourth century city); modern
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Tiber; bridges; city of Rome

model of Tiber island from west (plastico of fourth century city); modern
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Tiber; bridges; city of Rome

plan of Tiber island
Credits: S.B. Platner, The Topography and Monuments of Ancient Rome (2nd ed.), p. 84 (updated), 1911
Keywords: Tiber; bridges; city of Rome

view of ruins of Tiberius's Villa Jovis looking upward from road
Capri. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Tiberius; history

view of sea from top of Tiberius's Villa Jovis—"execution point"
Capri. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Tiberius; history

marble bust of man (Tiberius?)
St. Petersburg, Hermitage Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Tiberius; history

bust of Tiberius (cast)
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: Tiberius; history; emperors

bronze head of Tiberius; Roman, first century CE
smaller view;
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1999, 1986
Keywords: Tiberius; history; emperors

marble portrait bust of Tiberius first century CE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Tiberius; history; emperors

relief of Venus washing her hair with two water nymphs—blend of Roman and Celtic styles; third century CE
Newcastle, Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Venus; myth

view of sea from acropolis at Cumae
Cumae, Campania. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Vergil; Sibyl

traditional entrance to the cave of the Cumaean Sibyl with Vergilian plaque (6.42-51, slightly altered from actual plaque)
Cumae, Campania. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Vergil; Sibyl; Underworld

smaller image of entrance to Sibyl's cave
Cumae, Campania. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Vergil; Sibyl; Underworld

view of Lake Avernus, supposed entrance to Underworld near Cumae
Campania. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Vergil; Sibyl; Underworld

terra-cotta lamp portraying shepherd with name Tityrus
Brussels, Royal Museum of Art and History. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: Vergil; literature; furniture

Hadrumatum mosaic of Vergil with Clio and Melpomene, Roman, third century CE;
larger version; detail of Vergil.
Vergil wears an equestrian tunic and a toga; he holds a scroll on which are written these words from the opening section of the Aeneid: "Musa mihi causas memora quo numine laeso quidve . . ." The epic poet sits between Clio, the muse of history, carrying a scroll, and Melpomene, the muse of tragedy, holding a tragic mask.
Tunis, Bardo Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 2010
Keywords: Virgil; muses; literature

Low Ham mosaic (4 of the 5 scenes depicting events from the Aeneid)—floor of frigidarium of baths in Roman villa at Low Ham; 4th century CE
Taunton; Somerset County Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Vergil; Aeneid; Dido; Aeneas; literature

Low Ham mosaic—detail of hunt depicting Dido, Aeneas, Ascanius; 4th century CE
Taunton; Somerset County Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Vergil; Aeneid; Dido; Aeneas; literature

Low Ham mosaic—detail depicting Dido and Aeneas as lovers; 4th century CE
Taunton; Somerset County Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Vergil; Aeneid; Dido; Aeneas; literature

Low Ham mosaic—detail depicting Aeneas, Ascanius. Dido, and Anna; 4th century CE
Taunton; Somerset County Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Vergil; Aeneid; Dido; Aeneas; literature

Low Ham mosaic—detail depicting Dido and cupids with torches ; 4th century CE
Taunton; Somerset County Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Vergil; Aeneid; Dido; Aeneas; literature

Low Ham mosaic—detail depicting Aeneas' ships departing; 4th century CE
Taunton; Somerset County Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: Vergil; Aeneid; Dido; Aeneas; literature

statue of priestess sacrificing; Roman, early third century CE (Severan period);
smaller version.
The statue was largely intact; only the left hand and fingers of the right hand have been restored. Becasue of the flame, the statue was formerly thought to depict a Vestal Virgin, but she does not wear the Vestal headdress or infulae typical of the Vestals.
Florence, Uffizi Gallery. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1990
Keywords: religion; sacrifice

bust of chief Vestal, Roman, second century CE;
smaller version.
This depiction of the virgo vestalis maxima comes from the House of the Vestals in the Roman Forum. She wears a high banded headdress with infulae (looped woolen bands hanging down on teither side of the neck) and a short cape fastened with a round brooch.
Rome, Terme Diocleziano (Roman National Museums). Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: Vestal Virgins; religion; clothing

bronze figurine of mouse with grain; Roman
larger version.
Munich, Praehistorisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: animals; children

model of the Colosseum modern
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: arena; Coloseum; city of Rome

"Colchester Vase"—detail of terra sigillata vase depicting bestiarii with whips and a bear; 2nd-3rd century CE
Colchester, Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: arena; bestiarii; animals; sports; leisure

"Colchester Vase"—detail of terra sigillata vase depicting bestiarius with sticks, stag in background 2nd-3rd century CE
Colchester, Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: arena; bestiarii; animals; sports; leisure

"Colchester Vase"—detail of terra sigillata vase depicting gladiators, victorious secutor and retiarius who holds up finger to signal defeat; 2nd-3rd century CE
Colchester, Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure

terracotta flask depicting a gladiatorial scene
Cologne, Romisch-Germanisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure

ancient bronze gladiator's helmet first century CE
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure

small figurines depicting heavily armed gladiators, plus bronze finial in shape of a secutor's helmet
London, British Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1986
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure

mosaic of gladiatorial scene in which one gladiator holds up a finger to acknowledge defeat; third century CE
Munich, Praehistorisches Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

mosaic depicting gladiatorial games—referee holding long staff (summa rudis) with victorious Thracian
smaller version
Verona, Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

mosaic depicting gladiatorial games—referee holding long staff (summa rudis) with victorious secutor and retiarius on his knees)
Verona, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

large floor mosaic depicting many aspects of gladiatorial games 2nd-3rd century CE
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

detail of large floor mosaic, Roman, 2nd-3rd century CE;
smaller version.
A referee holds a long staff (summa rudis) between a retiarius and a secutor.
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

detail of large floor mosaic—mock fight between men armed with staffs and whips; 2nd-3rd century CE
smaller version
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

mosaic depicting gladiatorial games—retiarius menaced by secutor
Verona, Archaeological Museum. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports

detail of large floor mosaic—elderly animal trainer with tame lion; 2nd-3rd century CE
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; animals

detail of large floor mosaic—bestiarii with whips trying to distract bear which is mauling fallen comrade; 2nd-3rd century CE
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; animals

detail of large floor mosaic—bestiarius gives victory signal as wounded leopard bites spear; 2nd-3rd century CE
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; animals

detail of large floor mosaic—tiger kills wild ass or antelope; 2nd-3rd century CE
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; animals

reconstruction drawing of the exterior of the Colosseum; smaller image
modern drawing by G. Nispi-Landi (color added)
smaller version of scene. Credits: Albert Kuhn, Roma, fig. 113, p. 103, 1913
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure; city of Rome

drawing of the gate of the goddess of death in the arena modern
Credits: Albert Kuhn, Roma, fig. 121, p. 112, 1913
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure; city of Rome

"Gladiatorial Combat," by J.-L. Gerome modern
Credits: Albert Kuhn, Roma, fig. 120, p. 111, 1913
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure; city of Rome

reconstruction drawing of the interior of the Colosseum showing a naval battle and awning (velum); by G. Nispi-Landi (color added); modern
smaller version; smaller version showing only awning and cavea
Credits: Albert Kuhn, Roma, fig. 114, p. 103, 1913
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; naumachia; city of Rome

detail of large floor mosaic—musical accompaniment of the games, showing water organ and curved horn (cornu); 2nd-3rd century CE
smaller version
Nennig, Roman villa. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1988
Keywords: arena; gladiators; sports; leisure; music

relief depicting gladiators (bestiarii) fighting animals in the arena (cast)
EUR (Rome), Museum of Roman Civilization. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1979
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

mosaic from private Roman villa depicting a griffin guarding a cage with a captured man (humorous reversal of entrapment of animals for arena); fourth century CE
Piazza Armerina, Villa del Casale. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

mosaic from private Roman villa depicting men with dogs hunting a boar; fourth century CE
Piazza Armerina, Villa del Casale. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

mosaic from private Roman villa depicting men in a boat ready to transport captured animals to Rome; fourth century CE
Piazza Armerina, Villa del Casale. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

mosaic from private Roman villa depicting hunting party with dogs and captured boar; fourth century CE
Piazza Armerina, Villa del Casale. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

mosaic from private Roman villa depicting a hunt to secure lions for the arena; fourth century CE
smaller version
Piazza Armerina, Villa del Casale. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

mosaic from private Roman villa depicting men with a rhinocerus captured for the arena; fourth century CE
Piazza Armerina, Villa del Casale. Credits: Barbara McManus, 1982
Keywords: arena; hunting; animals; sports; leisure

Go to Index, Part II, Part III, Part IV, Part V, Part VI, Part VII, Part VIII, Part IX, Part X, Part XI, Part XII, Part XIII, Part XIV, Part XV, Roman Coins: Republic and Principate, Roman Coins: Empire, Greek Coins, Coins from the Museum of Cultural History, University of Oslo, Coins from the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland, Coins from the Hunterian Museum

revised May, 2013