Go to Images Part I; Images Part II; Images Part III; Images Part IV; Images Part V; Images Part VI; Images Part VII; Images Part VIII; Images Part IX; Images Part X; Images Part XI
Bust of a Woman, wax on wood panel
Naturalistic painted mummy portrait (these were mounted into the bands of cloth in which bodies were wrapped); depicts a wealthy young woman wearing hanging 3-pearl earrings and 2 gold & jewel necklaces, with an elaborate hairstyle of curls and braids.
Fayum, late 2nd century CE.
Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2013.
Keywords: death, women, mummy, class
Plaque for Parthenopeis, stone
Inscription on a tabula ansata, dedicated by Ponpeius Octavianus to his wife.
Chozeau (Isere), late 3rd century CE. (CIL XII.2366).
Saint-Germain-en-Laye: Musee d'Archeologie Nationale. Credits: Ann Raia, 2009.
Keywords: death, monument, women, Gaul, marriage
Funerary Altar, stone
For Julius Martianus and his wife, who is sculped in relief. Inscribed, also at bottom.
Lyon, late 3rd century CE. (CIL XIII.1920).
Saint-Germain-en-Laye: Musee d'Archeologie Nationale. Credits: Ann Raia, 2009.
Keywords: death, tomb, women, Gaul, marriage
Funerary Altar, marble
Portrait bust of Julia Saturnina, shown with her husband in marriage pose of clasped hands (iunctio dextrarum); inscribed with a dedication (left; right). 130 CE. ( CIL VI.20667)
Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Credits: Ann Raia, 2008
Keywords: death, tomb, class, women, marriage
Funerary Plaque marble
A portrait relief tablet, probably set up on a tomb wall (see also the altar) of a mourning scene dedicated by Claudia Prepontis, inscribed for Tiberius Claudius Dionysius, her patron, herself and their offspring. 1st century CE
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, marriage
Funerary Plaque, marble
For Bennia Helena, concubina to an aurifex, freed by probably his wife.
Roman, first half of the 2nd century CE. (AE 1939, 154).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death, monument, women, class
Funerary altar, marble
For Didia Charis, a 7 year old child, dedicated by her father; repository for cinerary urn (lid is lost); urceus; patera.
Found on the Via Porta Maggiore, 1st-2nd century CE. (CIL VI.37153).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death, monument, tomb, family
Funerary tablet, marble
For Flavia Ionice, a 15 year old imperial freedwoman, dedicated by her parents.
Second half of the 1st century CE. (CIL X.6609).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death,tomb, class, family
Funerary tablet, marble
For Atistia, wife of the baker Eurysaces.
Rome, found in the tomb at the Porta Maggiore. 50-25 BCE. (CIL I.1206).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death, monument, class, marriage
Funerary altar, marble
Dedicated by Valeria Spes, a freedwoman, for her husband; relief of a funerary wreath and hunting scene above the inscription.
On the Via Appia, 2nd century CE. (CIL VI.28277).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death,tomb, class, marriage
Funerary altar, marble
For Petronia Sabina; husband's matching altar; she probably dedicated both.
Rome, Porta Capena, 1st century CE. (CIL VI.1820).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death,monument, class, marriage
Funerary altar, marble
Dedicated to Claudia Ianuaria by her husband and mother; framed inscription surrounded by floral border; floral decorations on lid; iurceus; patera.
Rome, mid-4st century CE. (CIL VI.15475).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2012.
Keywords: death, monument, class, family
Funerary altar, marble
For Calestronia Euloge, freed by a woman in the gens Calestronia. Clasped hands may indicate marriage (iunctio dextrarum or a pledge of loyalty, as no husband is mentioned. Found in 2008 in Tiburtina.Rome, mid 1st century CE. .
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death,tomb, class
Funerary tablet, marble
Dedicated by Ulpia Priscilla for her husband Aphetus, an imperial freedman who compiled the emperor's guest list ("invitator"). The central patera has openings for libations. (CIL 6.7010)
Rome, Tabularium (Capitoline). Credits: Ann Raia, 2012.
Keywords: death, marriage, class, occupation
Funerary stele, marble
Set up and inscribed for Florentina
, his verna, by Philetaerus, an imperial freedman and paedagogus of the imperial slave children. Found on Rome's via Appia (vigna Rondanini), 2nd century CE. (CIL 6.7767)
Rome, Tabularium (Capitoline). Credits: Ann Raia, 2009.
Keywords: death, slave, class, occupation
Funerary tablet marble
Inscribed by Flavia Sabina for her father, Titus Flavius Eucharistus, it contains a scene that has little to do with their relationship. Flavian era. (CIL 6.18051)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, family
Funerary altar marble
For Attia Agele, with a relief of her reclining at her funeral banquet (portrait). (CIL 6.12758)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, tomb
Funerary altar marble
Dedicated by Clodia Balbilla for her mother Gallia Procula and her brother, Publius Clodius Trebonianus. (CIL 6.18870)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, family, tomb
Funerary cippus marble
For Papinia Felicitas, dedicated by her husband Titus Flavius Flavianus. Flavian era. Found in the Horti Iustiniani. (CIL 6.23773)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, marriage, monument
Funerary cippus marble
For Claudia Victoria, dedicated by her parents Parthenius, imperial freedman, and Claudia Secundina and themselves. Found in the Horti Montalti. (CIL 6.15647)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, family, monument
Tombstone marble
For Vesilia Hila and family. Inscription. (CIL 6.28774)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, family
Cippus marble
For Feridia Ianuaria, dedicated by her parents. (CIL 6.17888)
Rome, Vatican Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, class, women, family
Funerary Stele, marble
Portrait bust of (Claudia Pieris); inscribed and set up by her husband Annius Telesphorus. Rome, 117-38 CE. ( CIL VI.15543)
Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Credits: Ann Raia, 2008
Keywords: death, tomb, class, women, marriage
Cinerary Urn, marble
For his wife Allidia Hymnis, sister Allidia Atticilla, son Sextus Allidius Hymenaeus; scene of marriage (iunctio dextrarum); inscribed and set up for himself as well by Sextus Allidius Symphorus. Rome, c. 120-50 CE. (CIL VI.6828)
Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Credits: Ann Raia, 2008
Keywords: death, tomb, class, women, family
Cinerary Urn, marble
For Iunia Rufina, wife of Quintus Vibius Pantagathus. inscribed; side 1; side 2
Ostia, mid-2nd century CE. (CIL XIV.1770)
Copenhagen, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Credits: Ann Raia, 2008
Keywords: death, tomb, class, women, marriage
Cippus, marble
For Claudia Amabilis, dedicated by her son Marcus Ulpius Callistus, imperial freedman, scribe. Found in Rome outside the Porta Salaria. (CIL 6.1809)
Rome, Tabularium (Capitoline). Credits: Ann Raia, 2012.
Keywords: death, tombstone, class, family, occupation
Cippus, marble
For Iulia Heuresis, who died violente fato at age 82; dedicated by Pomponia Trophime. Inscribed. (CIL 6.20513)
Rome, Altemps Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2009.
Keywords: death, tombstone, class
Funerary altar, marble
For Pompeia Euhodia, a freedwoman, dedicated by her husband Marcus Licinius Menander.
(CIL VI.24537).
Rome, Terme Diocleziano. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: death,monument, class, marriage
Bronze medallion
(obverse) with the facing heads of Julia Mamaea and her son, Emperor Alexander Severus, encircled by the inscription IMP ALEXANDER PIUS AUG JULIA MAMAEA AUG MATER AUG. Rome 231-235 CE.
Copenhagen, National Gallery. Credits: Ann Raia, 2008
Keywords: coin, Empire, empress, family, women
Portrait bust, marble
An elite woman, perhaps Flavia Domitilla, wife of Vespasian, with the tightly curled hair of the Flavian period.
Rome, Vespasian exhibition at the Colosseum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2009.
Keywords: sculture, women, Empire, class, hair
Funerary tablet, marble
Dedicated by Flavia Athenais and Titus Flavius Genialis for their fellow freedman Marcus Cocceius Hermadio. (CIL 6.15904)
Rome, Capitoline Museum. Credits: , 2012.
Keywords: death, class, women
Funerary tablet, marble
For Apuleia Sexti filia Archelais, dedicated by her father. (CIL 6.12215)
Rome, Capitoline Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2012.
Keywords: death, class, family
Funerary altar, marble
Dedicated by Crixia Secundina for her patron and husband, Gaius Crixius Secundus (togaed, clasping a scroll in his left hand and clasping right hands with a small person ). A patera is carved on the right side; an urceus on the left. Found in a necropolis on the Via Flaminia in Rome, c. 100-150 CE.(CIL 6.38264)
Rome, Tabularium (Capitoline Museum). Credits: Ann Raia, 2007
Keywords: death, monument, class, marriage
Honorary monument, marble
For Julia Procula: portrait statue; inscription.
Tomb of Julia Procula, Portus Cemetary, Isola Sacra, Ostia. 1st century CE.
Museum at Ostia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: Empire, women, religion, class
Priestess, marble
Torso of a well-dressed older woman wearing a tunic belted with a Heracles knot, wrapped in a palla, and standing beside a thymaterion (incense burner). She wears a veiled headdress like that of the Vestals. The statue stood in a tomb. 125-13- CE. Boston Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2013.
Keywords: religion, death, class, clothing
Vestal Tombstone, marble
For Praetextata, Vestalis Maxima.
3rd century CE. CIL 6.32409.
Rome, Atrium Vestae courtyard. Credits: Ann Raia, 2012.
Keywords: death, religion, priestess
Vestal Tag, bronze
For Flavia Publicia: FLAVIAE PVBLICAE/ V [erasure] V/ MAXIMAE/ IMMVNIS/ INIVGO. Metal plaque (ansata) with holes on either end, announcing her privilege of exemption (from a tax?) relating to her horse(CIL 6.2147)
. 247 CE. New York, Metropolitan Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2007.
Keywords: religion, state, finance
Coin, bronze
Reverse (obverse contains head of Augustus/Tiberius): Altar of the Cult of Rome and Augustus built in the federated provincial Sanctuary of the Three Gauls, dedicated in Lugdunum (modern-day Lyon) by Augustus in 12 CE
. The altar was monumental, with a 50 meter base, all in marble. The altar stood on a pedestal bearing the inscription ROM ET AVG decorated in front with a crown of oak leaves flanked by two laurels and tripods topped by crowns. Framing the altar were two columns 10.5 m high and made of Egyptian granite, each supporting a Victory 3.5 m high. First quarter of the 1st century CE. Lyon: Gallo-Roman Museum. Credits: Ann Raia, 2014.
Keywords: religion, state, empire
Aureus of Mark Antony, gold
Rare legionary gold coin: Roman galley with inscription: ANT AVG IIIVIR RPC [Antonius Augur Triumvir Rei Publicae Constituendae]. Unlike the First Triumvirate, the second was legally constituted! 32-31BCE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: Second Triumvirate, civil wars, military, government
Priestess Bust, marble
Identified as a priestess: headband and tied fillet ends. Portrait profile. Hair: high tight curls in front, braids in bun in back. Late 1-early 2nd century CE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: religion, women, empire
Portrait Bust, marble
Older woman wearing a cap, perhaps a nurse? freedwoman? Second half 1 century BCE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: women, occupation, Republic, dress
Portrait Head, polished marble, meant to be inserted into a full length statue.
The young woman's hair resembles Julia Mamaea's style (180-235 CE): parted in center, combed back into a braided bun. Severan: early 3rd century CE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: women, court, Empire
Ivory dice
Roman. 1st century CE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: entertainment, games, Empire
Gaming Woman, terracotta
Woman crouching with right shoulder bared (front), holding a sack containing dice or knucklebones. Greek, 4th century BCE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: entertainment, games, Empire
Calyx-Krater
Polychrome. The Rape of Europa: detail on left of Scylla (above her flies winged Pothos, Desire). Greek Paestan. Signed by Assteas Painter, 380 BCE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: drinking, pottery, South Italian
Strigil Sarcophagus
marble. Couple posed in civic dress, dextrarum iunctio. Roman, 3rd century CE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: marriage, funeral, death, Empire, women
Mirror cover, gilded bronze
Peleus (?)and Atalanta resting before the statue of Artemis, after the Calydonian Board Hunt. Roman 2nd century CE. Carlos Museum, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. Credits: Ann Raia, 2016.
Keywords: women, cosmetics, mythology, Empire
Corsini Throne, marble
The chair is decorated with bands of floral and narrative reliefs: on the interior seat back is an upper frieze of horsemen and hoplites fighting and a lower one of a boar hunt; around the entire pedestal base are two friezes: the upper is a continuous ivy vine border, the lower bears scenes of a sacrificial procession and two wrestlers. Found in the excavation of the 1st century CE Roman villa of the Plautii Laterani on the Caelian Hill (beneath the basilica of San Giovanni in Laterano). Roman copy from the late Republican period of a royal Etruscan throne from the 5th century BCE. Rome, Palazzo Corsini. Credits: Ann Raia, 2018.
Keywords: Etruscan, furniture, Urgulania
Woman's Head
Roman portrait, marble, probably Parian. Profile. 98-117 CE. Original honeycomb style of curls piled on top of head (favored by imperial women of Trajanic and Hadrianic period) was recut c. 110-25. Boston Fine Arts Museum. Credits: Allegra De Vita, 2019.
Keywords: Empire, hairstyle
Woman's Head
Roman portrait, marble, possibly Marciana, Trajan's sister (see profile on silver denarius minted after her death in 113 CE). c.100 CE. Boston Fine Arts Museum. Credits: Allegra De Vita, 2019.
Keywords: Empire, hairstyle
Bust of young Woman
Roman portrait, marble. Hairstyle of curled braids on top of head developed in late Hadrianic period; associated with Faustina the Elder (died 141 CE) and elite women. c.140 CE. Boston Fine Arts Museum. Credits: Allegra De Vita, 2019.
Keywords: Empire, hairstyle
Head of young Woman
Roman portrait, Parian marble. Elaborate hairstyle popular in Flavian period (69-96) of piled curls, probably combined with a wig. c.100-125 CE. Boston Fine Arts Museum. Credits: Allegra De Vita, 2019.
Keywords: Empire, hairstyle
Head of Mature Woman
Roman portrait, marble from Thasos. Irregular wavy locks gathered in back into a bun; piece of carved marble (now missing) was attached to the top of the head. Hairstyle typical of Domitianic period (81-96) but facial features tend toward Hadrianic. c.120 CE. Boston Fine Arts Museum. Credits: Allegra De Vita, 2019.
Keywords: Empire, hairstyle
Mature Priestess
Roman, Parian marble. Matrona standing beside incense burner: missing right arm would have held offering from incense box held in left hand. Originally placed in a tomb of her wealthy family or supporters. c.125-130 CE. Boston Fine Arts Museum. Credits: Allegra De Vita, 2019.
Keywords: Empire, religion, sacrifice, women
Go to Images Part I; Images Part II; Images Part III; Images Part IV; Images Part V; Images Part VI; Images Part VII; Images Part VIII; Images Part IX; Images Part X; Images Part XI
October 2013
